Most dog owners have dealt with at least one episode of dog stomach issues. Whether it’s a mild upset stomach or a serious digestive disorder, understanding the symptoms and causes can help you determine when to seek veterinary care. Some digestive problems resolve on their own, while others require immediate medical attention.
In some cases, natural remedies like CBD oil for dogs may help support digestive health by reducing inflammation and easing nausea, but chronic or severe symptoms should always be evaluated by a veterinarian.
In this article, we’ll discuss the major causes of digestive disorders in dogs, including chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), food allergies, and life-threatening emergencies like bloat. We’ll also cover symptoms, treatment options, and ways to support your dog's digestive health.
Types of Chronic Canine Digestive Disorders
Most dogs experience short-term digestive problems at some point in their lives. These issues may go away on their own or require emergency medical treatment depending on the cause. Some dogs, however, struggle with ongoing stomach issues, which can lead to weight loss, persistent diarrhea, severe vomiting, or other concerning symptoms.
1. Diarrhea in Dogs
Diarrhea is one of the most common signs of digestive upset in dogs and can range from mild and temporary to severe and chronic. It often results from dietary indiscretion, infections, food allergies, parasites, or underlying medical conditions.
Causes of Diarrhea in Dogs
- Dietary Changes – A sudden switch in dog food or consuming rich or spoiled human food.
- Infections – Bacterial (Salmonella, E. coli) or viral (parvovirus, distemper) infections.
- Parasites – Giardia, hookworms, roundworms, and other intestinal parasites.
- Food Allergies or Intolerances – Sensitivities to specific proteins, grains, or additives.
- Stress or Anxiety – Travel, changes in environment, or emotional distress can trigger diarrhea.
- Medications or Toxins – Certain drugs, toxic plants, or ingestion of harmful substances.
- Inflammatory Conditions – Chronic issues like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or colitis.
When to See a Vet
Mild cases of diarrhea often resolve on their own, but veterinary attention is needed if:
- Diarrhea persists for more than 24–48 hours.
- There is blood in the stool (bright red or black/tarry).
- The dog is lethargic, dehydrated, or refusing food.
- Vomiting accompanies diarrhea.
- The stool is unusually foul-smelling, greasy, or has mucus.
Treatment & Home Care
For mild diarrhea, you can try:
- Temporary Fasting – Withholding food for 12–24 hours to allow the digestive system to reset.
- Bland Diet – Offering boiled chicken and white rice in small portions.
- Hydration Support – Ensuring the dog drinks plenty of water or giving electrolyte solutions.
- Probiotics – Vet-approved probiotics can help restore gut balance.
If diarrhea is frequent or chronic, a veterinarian may recommend stool tests, dietary changes, medications, or further diagnostics to identify the root cause.
2. Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex condition that causes chronic digestive problems. In humans, IBD includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The underlying issue is inflammation in the intestines, though researchers are still studying its causes in dogs. Veterinary experts often refer to the condition as chronic enteropathy.
Dogs with IBD typically experience digestive issues lasting longer than three weeks. Common symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, appetite loss, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Since these symptoms overlap with other diseases, veterinarians perform tests to rule out conditions such as digestive system cancer before diagnosing IBD.
3. Food Allergies in Dogs
Food allergies occur when an ingredient in a dog’s diet triggers an inflammatory reaction. While many healthy dogs may have stomach upset after eating human food, those with food allergies have an abnormal response to common ingredients in dog food.
Owners often see improvement by switching to a specialized diet through an elimination trial. Dog food contains a mix of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, along with essential vitamins and minerals. Identifying and eliminating problematic ingredients can significantly reduce digestive discomfort.
4. Canine Bloat: A Life-Threatening Emergency
Gastric dilatation and volvulus, also known as bloat, is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate veterinary attention. It occurs when a dog’s stomach twists on itself, trapping gas and food inside. Without treatment, the condition is fatal.
Large, deep-chested breeds are at the highest risk, including:
- Doberman Pinschers
- German Shepherds
- Standard Poodles
- Great Danes
- Saint Bernards
- Irish Setters
- Weimaraners
- Gordon Setters
Dogs are more likely to experience bloat after eating a large meal followed by exercise. Early signs include repeated unproductive vomiting, abdominal swelling, restlessness, drooling, and difficulty breathing. If you suspect bloat, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.
Symptoms of Stomach Disorders in Dogs
- Abdominal discomfort (hunched posture, reluctance to be touched)
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Change in stool color
- Mucus in stool
- Constipation
- Vomiting
- Retching or regurgitation
- Changes in appetite
- Excessive gas
Causes of Digestive Problems in Dogs
Digestive issues in dogs can stem from various factors, including infections, diet, and underlying health conditions. Some of the most common causes include:
- Stress-related diarrhea
- Dietary indiscretion (eating something unusual)
- Spoiled or rich human food
- Overeating dog food
- Toxins
- Human medications
- Ingesting non-food objects (toys, socks, bones, plastic)
- Parasites (Giardia, hookworms, tapeworms, whipworms, roundworms)
- Bacterial infections
- Viral infections
- Chronic inflammation
- Intestinal blockages
Frequently Asked Questions
What are common symptoms of stomach issues in dogs?
The most common symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, appetite changes, bloating, abdominal pain, and excessive gas. Some dogs may also experience weight loss or changes in stool consistency.
When should I take my dog to the vet for digestive problems?
If your dog has persistent vomiting, diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours, severe abdominal pain, sudden bloating, or repeated unsuccessful attempts to vomit, seek veterinary care immediately.
Can I give my dog Pepto-Bismol for an upset stomach?
Pepto-Bismol is sometimes used for minor stomach issues in dogs, but it should only be given under veterinary supervision. Certain ingredients can be harmful, especially for dogs with specific health conditions.
Conclusion
Dog stomach issues can range from mild digestive upset to serious medical emergencies like bloat. While occasional vomiting or diarrhea may not be a cause for concern, persistent symptoms or sudden, severe discomfort warrant veterinary attention.
By feeding a balanced diet, avoiding harmful foods, and monitoring your dog for signs of digestive distress, you can help maintain their gut health. If stomach problems become frequent or severe, working with a veterinarian ensures your dog receives the proper care to keep them happy, healthy, and comfortable.
