Human Foods Dogs Can & Cannot Eat | Ultimate Guide

Not all human foods are safe for dogs. In fact, an estimated 30-40% of common human foods could be harmful to dogs, even in small amounts. Some foods pose an even greater risk when consumed in large quantities—like a dog getting into a whole bag of toxic treats or regularly eating certain unsafe foods over time.

This guide will break down the most common human foods that are safe for dogs and highlight the ones that should always be avoided. Note that if you're looking to adjust your dog's diet for health benefits, you can explore veterinarian formulated supplements with key ingredients in the right proportions for your dog. 

Why Some Human Foods are Unsafe for Dogs to Eat

Many human foods contain ingredients that can be toxic to dogs. Some foods, like chocolate and grapes, contain naturally occurring compounds that their bodies cannot metabolize. Others, like processed snacks and sugary treats, are loaded with artificial additives, salt, and fats that can lead to severe health issues, including pancreatitis, obesity, and digestive distress.

Feeding your dog straight from your plate might seem harmless, but it can quickly become dangerous. Many common meals contain hidden ingredients—like onions, garlic, and xylitol—that are extremely toxic to dogs, even in small amounts. 

On the other hand, choosing the right human foods for your dog can have significant health benefits. Nutrient-rich options like lean meats, select fruits, and vegetables can provide essential vitamins and minerals, support digestion, and even contribute to a shinier coat and stronger immune system. By making informed choices, you can enhance your dog’s diet while keeping them safe.

Let's look at the safest options for dogs first. Find below 10 human foods dogs can have regularly, as well as 10 that dogs can have on occassion.

10 Human Foods Dogs Can Have Daily

Dogs can safely enjoy a variety of nutrient-rich human foods that offer health benefits when incorporated into their diet. These foods provide essential vitamins, minerals, and proteins that support overall well-being. Below are ten human foods that dogs can eat daily in appropriate portions.

1. Leafy Greens – Spinach, kale, and romaine lettuce are packed with fiber, vitamins A, C, and K, and antioxidants that support immune health and digestion.
   Portion: A small handful (chopped) mixed into their regular food is enough.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid large amounts of spinach, as it contains oxalates that may contribute to kidney issues in some dogs.
2. Berries – Blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries are loaded with antioxidants that help cognitive function and combat inflammation.
   Portion: A few berries per day as a snack or food topper is ideal.
   • Notable Exceptions: No major concerns, but avoid cherries and grapes, as they are toxic to dogs.
3. Plain, Cooked Chicken – A great source of lean protein that supports muscle health and energy levels.
   Portion: A few bite-sized pieces or mixed into meals in moderation.
   • Notable Exceptions: Do not feed seasoned or fried chicken, as added spices, salt, or oils can be harmful.
4. Plain, Cooked Fish – Salmon, cod, and whitefish contain omega-3 fatty acids that promote a shiny coat and joint health.
   Portion: A couple of tablespoons of cooked, unseasoned fish 2-3 times a week is a good balance.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid raw fish and fish with small bones, which can be a choking hazard or carry parasites.
5. Pumpkin – High in fiber and great for digestive health, it helps regulate stool consistency and supports gut bacteria.
   Portion: 1-2 tablespoons of plain, canned, or cooked pumpkin mixed with food.
   • Notable Exceptions: Ensure it’s plain pumpkin, not pumpkin pie filling, which contains sugar and spices that can be harmful.
6. Apples (Without Seeds) – A crunchy, vitamin-rich snack that also supports dental health.
   Portion: A few slices per day, with seeds and core removed to avoid toxicity.
   • Notable Exceptions: No major concerns, but apple seeds contain cyanide and should never be fed to dogs.
7. Plain, Cooked Eggs – High in protein, amino acids, and healthy fats, eggs are excellent for a dog’s coat and muscle repair.
   Portion: One cooked egg (boiled or scrambled, no seasoning) a few times per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid raw eggs due to the risk of salmonella and potential interference with biotin absorption.
8. Plain Yogurt – Contains probiotics that support digestive health and calcium for strong bones.
   Portion: A spoonful of plain, unsweetened yogurt as an occasional topper is sufficient.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid flavored or sweetened yogurts, especially those containing xylitol, which is toxic to dogs.
9. Carrots – A low-calorie, high-fiber vegetable that helps with dental health and provides beta-carotene for eye health.
   Portion: A few baby carrots or chopped raw/carrot sticks daily.
   • Notable Exceptions: No major concerns—carrots are safe for most dogs, but large pieces should be cut to avoid choking hazards.
10. Oatmeal – A great source of fiber, especially for dogs with sensitive stomachs or allergies to grains like wheat.
    Portion: A few spoonfuls of plain, cooked oatmeal (no sugar or additives) mixed with food.
    • Notable Exceptions: Avoid oatmeal with added sugar, milk, or artificial sweeteners like xylitol.

Cautionary Note:

While these foods are generally safe for daily consumption, portion control is crucial to prevent digestive upset or nutritional imbalances. Always introduce new foods gradually, and consult with a veterinarian if your dog has specific dietary restrictions, allergies, or health conditions. This guide is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional veterinary advice.

10 Human Foods Dogs Can Have Occasionally

Some human foods are safe for dogs in moderation but should not be a daily part of their diet. These foods may have higher fat, sugar, or sodium content, or they may carry minor risks if overfed. Below are ten human foods dogs can enjoy occasionally in controlled portions.

1. Cheese – A good source of protein and calcium, but high in fat and can cause digestive issues in lactose-intolerant dogs.
   Portion: A small cube or a few shreds as an occasional treat.
   Frequency: No more than 1-2 times per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid blue cheese and heavily processed cheeses like American cheese, which may contain harmful additives.
2. Peanut Butter – A tasty source of protein and healthy fats, but high in calories and should be given in moderation.
   Portion: A teaspoon-sized serving occasionally.
   Frequency: No more than 2-3 times per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Must be xylitol-free, as xylitol is highly toxic to dogs.
3. White Rice – Easily digestible and helpful for upset stomachs, but lacks significant nutritional benefits beyond short-term use.
   Portion: A spoonful mixed with food when needed.
   Frequency: Only when a dog has digestive issues, or occasionally as part of a meal.
   • Notable Exceptions: Brown rice has more nutrients but is harder to digest; plain, unseasoned rice is safest.
4. Plain Bread – A non-toxic filler food that dogs can digest but provides little nutritional value.
   Portion: A small bite-sized piece on occasion.
   Frequency: No more than once per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid bread with raisins, garlic, onions, or artificial sweeteners.
5. Popcorn – Plain, air-popped popcorn contains fiber and antioxidants but can pose a choking risk if not properly prepared.
   Portion: A few plain, fully popped kernels as a treat.
   Frequency: No more than once per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Buttered, salted, or flavored popcorn is not safe for dogs.
6. Cooked Pork – A rich protein source that some dogs enjoy, but it's high in fat and can be difficult to digest.
   Portion: A small, lean, unseasoned piece on occasion.
   Frequency: No more than once every 1-2 weeks.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid processed pork products like bacon, sausage, or ham due to high salt and preservatives.
7. Cooked Sweet Potatoes – High in fiber and vitamins, but also high in carbohydrates and should be fed in moderation.
   Portion: A couple of tablespoons of plain, mashed, or baked sweet potatoes.
   Frequency: 1-2 times per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid sweet potato fries and any seasoning like butter or brown sugar.
8. Cashews – One of the few nuts that are safe for dogs in small amounts, offering protein and healthy fats.
   Portion: One or two plain, unsalted cashews.
   Frequency: No more than once per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid macadamia nuts and walnuts, which are highly toxic to dogs.
9. Watermelon (Seedless) – A hydrating treat that provides vitamins and minerals, but too much can cause digestive upset.
   Portion: A few small, seedless cubes.
   Frequency: No more than 2-3 times per week.
   • Notable Exceptions: Avoid seeds and rind, as they can cause blockages.
10. Honey – A natural sweetener with antioxidants and antibacterial properties, but high in sugar.
    Portion: A small lick or drizzle on occasion.
    Frequency: No more than once per week.
    • Notable Exceptions: Not recommended for diabetic dogs or puppies under one year old.

Cautionary Note:

These foods should only be given occasionally and in small portions to prevent health issues such as obesity, digestive upset, or long-term nutrient imbalances. Always ensure foods are prepared safely, and consult your veterinarian if you have concerns. This guide is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional veterinary advice.

20 Foods You Should Never Give Your Dog

Some human foods are highly toxic or dangerous for dogs, even in small amounts. These foods can cause severe health issues, including poisoning, organ failure, and even death. Below are 20 foods that should never be given to dogs.

1. Chocolate – Contains theobromine, which is toxic to dogs and can cause vomiting, seizures, and heart problems.
2. Grapes & Raisins – Even small amounts can cause kidney failure in dogs, leading to lethargy, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
3. Onions & Garlic – Can damage red blood cells, leading to anemia. Symptoms include weakness, pale gums, and lethargy.
4. Macadamia Nuts – Highly toxic to dogs, causing weakness, tremors, vomiting, and fever.
5. Xylitol (Artificial Sweetener) – Found in sugar-free gum, candy, and some peanut butter, it can cause dangerous drops in blood sugar and liver failure.
6. Avocados – Contains persin, which can be toxic to dogs and cause vomiting and diarrhea.
7. Alcohol – Even small amounts can cause intoxication, vomiting, difficulty breathing, and potentially fatal poisoning.
8. Caffeine – Found in coffee, tea, and energy drinks, it can cause restlessness, rapid heart rate, and seizures in dogs.
9. Cooked Bones – Can splinter easily and cause choking, digestive blockages, or internal injuries.
10. Raw Dough (Yeast) – Expands in the stomach, potentially causing severe bloating and alcohol poisoning from fermentation.
11. Dairy Products (In Excess) – Many dogs are lactose intolerant, and excessive dairy can cause stomach upset and diarrhea.
12. Raw Eggs – Can carry salmonella and may interfere with biotin absorption, leading to skin and coat issues.
13. Raw Fish – May contain harmful parasites and bacteria that can lead to serious illness.
14. Fatty Foods (Bacon, Fried Foods) – High-fat foods can cause pancreatitis, leading to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and lethargy.
15. Salt (Excessive Amounts) – Too much salt can lead to sodium poisoning, causing excessive thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, and even seizures.
16. Cherries – The pits contain cyanide, which is toxic to dogs, and the fruit can cause digestive upset.
17. Nutmeg – Contains myristicin, which can cause hallucinations, seizures, increased heart rate, and tremors in dogs.
18. Some Mushrooms (Wild & Certain Varieties) – Some mushrooms are highly toxic and can cause severe liver and neurological damage. Avoid mushrooms for your dog unless they are formulated in a veterinarian-approved supplement for canine health.
19. Citrus Fruits (Large Quantities) – The high acidity and essential oils can cause stomach upset and potential nervous system issues.
20. Ice Cream – Contains sugar and dairy, which can upset a dog’s stomach, and some flavors (like chocolate) are outright toxic.

Cautionary Note:

These foods should always be avoided, as they can cause serious health issues in dogs. Even small amounts can be harmful or fatal. If your dog accidentally ingests any of these foods, contact a veterinarian immediately. This guide is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional veterinary advice.

Conclusion

Hopefully, this guide can continue to help you keep your pet safe and healthy. The items in this list are based upon our research into the current safety and health benefits of all of the foods included. 

If you are curious about a certain vegetable, fruit, or ingredient, or have had a different experience with this human foods for your dog, let us know in the comments below! If we see something that doesn't align with what we have discussed, we will do further research and adjust if necessary. 

Always use caution when you're giving your pet new foods. If there is ever any question of a food or ingredient's safety for your dog, discuss it with your veterinarian to get approval or denial.