Feline osteoarthritis is a progressive condition characterized by the degeneration of cartilage within one or more joints, leading to inflammation and pain. The condition can affect any joint but is most commonly diagnosed in the hip joints, knees, elbows, and spine.
Over time, the joint's cartilage wears down and new bone formations known as osteophytes can develop. This contributes to the stiffness and discomfort experienced by affected cats. Fortunately, there are some methods of discomfort relief and arthritis can be manageable in cats when you take the proper steps.
What Causes Arthritis in Cats?
Arthritis in cats can develop due to several factors, with age being one of the most common causes. As cats grow older, typically around 12 years or more, the natural wear and tear on their joints can lead to cartilage breakdown and arthritis. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, as certain breeds like Maine Coons, Scottish Folds, and Siamese cats are more prone to joint issues such as hip dysplasia.
Obesity is another significant risk factor, as excess weight puts added stress on joints, particularly the hips and knees, accelerating cartilage wear. Previous joint injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, can also lead to arthritis as the damaged cartilage and joint structure may develop secondary osteoarthritis over time. Additionally, underlying conditions like hip or elbow dysplasia can contribute to secondary arthritis by causing abnormal joint mechanics and increased stress on the affected joints.
Treatment for Feline Arthritis
NSAIDs are commonly used to reduce inflammation and pain in cats, but long-term use requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects like gastrointestinal issues and kidney damage. Other medications, such as gabapentin or tramadol, can help manage chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain, and may be used alongside NSAIDs. In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed for their strong anti-inflammatory effects, though they are generally limited to short-term use.
Nutritional supplements, like CBD oil, glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids, can support joint health and reduce inflammation. Physical therapy, including gentle massage, stretching, and water-based exercises, helps improve mobility and reduce stiffness. Maintaining a healthy weight through special diets and regular, low-impact exercise is essential to reduce strain on the joints and support overall joint health.
Symptoms of Cats with Arthritis
Arthritic cats often struggle with decreased mobility, showing reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or use the litter box if it requires physical effort. They may also develop lameness, limping, or favoring a particular limb, especially after resting. These signs can indicate joint pain and discomfort that can limit their daily activities.
Behavioral changes are common, with cats becoming more irritable, withdrawn, or less interested in grooming due to pain. A decrease in activity can also lead to weight gain, which further stresses their joints. You may also notice changes in posture, such as a hunched back, stiff gait, or difficulty standing, all signs of arthritis-related discomfort.
How Cats Get Diagnosed with Arthritis
Diagnosing arthritis in cats involves a combination of a thorough clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, and sometimes laboratory tests. A veterinarian will start with a detailed physical exam, assessing mobility, joint condition, and muscle mass around the affected joints to identify signs of arthritis. This helps rule out other conditions that might mimic arthritis symptoms, ensuring an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostic imaging, particularly X-rays, is essential for visualizing joint changes such as narrowing joint spaces or the presence of bone spurs, which are indicative of arthritis. In some cases, more advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans may be used to get a clearer picture of joint structures, especially if soft tissue involvement is suspected. Laboratory tests, while not always required, can help rule out other diseases and identify underlying conditions that may contribute to arthritis, such as infections or inflammatory diseases.
Once diagnosed, arthritis in cats is managed with a combination of pain relief, physical therapy, and proper nutrition. Treatment typically involves medications like NSAIDs and analgesics to alleviate pain, along with weight management and nutritional support to improve joint function. With proper care and regular monitoring, many cats with arthritis can maintain a good quality of life, staying mobile and comfortable despite their condition.
Conclusion
Many cats will face arthritis, or symptoms of arthritis, at some point in their lives. It's important to take a proactive approach to your cat's health as they age so that you can avoid early onset arthritis.
There are treatments, both natural and prescription, that your veterinarian can help you choose as you try to find ways to relieve your cat's discomfort. Lolahemp's CBD oil for cats is one option to discuss at your next trip to the veterinarian's office.
