Seizures in cats are a serious health concern that can be frightening for any pet owner. They occur when there’s abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to convulsions or a loss of control over the body.
If your cat is actively having a seizure, click here for an overview of what to do.
The severity and frequency of seizures can vary, and understanding their potential causes—from epilepsy to head trauma—is essential in making informed decisions about your cat’s care. If your cat is simply twitching in their sleep, review this guide to see if it's anything to be concerned about.
Guide Overview
- Understand common causes of seizures in cats
- Learn how to recognize symptoms and respond
- Find additional resources for managing feline seizures
In this article, we’ll cover the common causes of cat seizures, how to identify the symptoms, and what steps you should take if your cat experiences one. Plus, we’ve compiled a range of related articles to give you a deeper understanding of seizures in cats, so don’t forget to explore the full set of resources.
Understanding Seizures in Cats
Epileptic seizures in cats occur when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to uncontrolled movements or loss of consciousness.
These seizures are often linked to epilepsy, a condition causing recurring episodes, though the exact cause may not always be clear. In some cases, epilepsy can be genetic, particularly in certain breeds, or develop due to head injuries, infections, or metabolic issues. There are a number of other reasons seizures could occur as well.
A seizure typically lasts 30 seconds to two minutes.
During seizures, your cat may:
- twitch,
- drool,
- stiffen,
- or fall over.
Afterward, they may appear confused or disoriented. It's crucial to note that not all convulsions are seizures—conditions like poisoning or low blood sugar can cause similar symptoms.
If your cat has a seizure, stay calm and ensure their safety. Move any nearby objects that could cause harm and do not restrain them.
After the episode, record details such as duration, severity, and frequency to share with your vet. Although epilepsy cannot always be cured, treatment options like medication and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition and improve your cat’s well-being.
Most Common Types of Cat Seizures
Here are the most common types of seizures cats experience. Click the links within each box for further information.
Idiopathic Epilepsy
- Seizures without a clear cause, often genetic.
- Typically diagnosed in younger cats.
- May require lifelong management with medication.
Generalized Seizures (Grand Mal Seizures)
- Involves the entire body with shaking and stiffening.
- Loss of consciousness and typically lasts 30 seconds to two minutes.
- Medications can help control the frequency and intensity.
Focal Seizures
- Affects specific body parts, like a twitch in the face or limb.
- The cat may remain conscious during the episode.
- Treatment typically includes medications to prevent further seizures.
Causes of Feline Seizures
Here are a few of the key causes of seizures in cats, along with links to more detailed resources on each subject.
1. Idiopathic Epilepsy
Seizures that occur without a clear underlying cause, often genetic in nature.
- Typically diagnosed in younger cats.
- Most common in certain breeds like Abyssinians.
- Management involves anticonvulsant medications.
Learn more about Idiopathic Epilepsy
2. Head Trauma
Injuries to the head can cause brain damage, leading to seizures.
- Can result from accidents like falls or car accidents.
- May take time to show symptoms after the injury.
- Requires immediate veterinary attention and long-term care.
Learn more about Head Trauma
3. Brain Tumors
Tumors in the brain can disrupt electrical activity, leading to seizures.
- More common in older cats.
- May cause localized or generalized seizures.
- Treatment can include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
Learn more about Brain Tumors
4. Infections
Infections like toxoplasmosis or viral infections can affect the brain.
- Often requires blood tests for diagnosis.
- Treatment depends on the specific infection.
- Can cause seizures as a secondary symptom.
Learn more about Infections
6. Kidney Disease
Kidney disease leads to toxin buildup in the body, which can affect the brain.
- Results in uremia, which can trigger seizures.
- More common in older cats with chronic kidney disease.
- Management includes medication and fluid therapy.
Medications for Seizure Management
Medications can help control the frequency and severity of seizures in cats, prescribed by your veterinarian.
- Common medications include phenobarbital and potassium bromide.
- These medications are typically used long-term for seizure control.
- Regular vet check-ups are needed to monitor effectiveness and adjust dosage.
Natural Remedies & Home Solutions for Cat Seizures
Some natural approaches, like lifestyle changes and supplements, may help manage seizures in conjunction with veterinary care.
- CBD oil is sometimes considered by pet owners as a potential aid for managing seizures.
- Dietary adjustments and supplements like omega-3 fatty acids may also support brain health.
- Ensure your cat’s environment is calm and stress-free to minimize seizure triggers.
Diet and Lifestyle Adjustments
A proper diet and lifestyle changes can help support seizure management and overall health.
- High-quality, balanced diets are crucial for overall health and well-being.
- Regular exercise helps reduce stress and may decrease the likelihood of seizures.
- Ensure your cat has a consistent routine to reduce stressors that may trigger seizures.
Veterinary Procedures and Surgery
In rare cases, surgery or other veterinary procedures may be recommended for cats with severe seizure conditions.
- Surgical intervention may be needed if seizures are caused by brain tumors or other structural issues.
- Advanced veterinary techniques can help address underlying conditions contributing to seizures.
- Consult your vet to determine the best course of action based on your cat’s condition.
Conclusion
In summary, feline seizures are relatively common and most of them can be managed with continued care. While there is no cure for seizures in cats, there are ways you can maintain your cat's quality of life.
Always discuss your cat's seizures with your veterinarian before making any decisions about their treatment. If your cat's seizures are reducing their quality of life significantly, this article gives you some things to consider.
